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Diagnosis of encephalitis remains difficult in regions of arboviruses circulation. While there is evidence of neuroinvasive disease in Ilhéus, Rocio and Saint Louis encephalitis virus infections in Brazil, their role in idiopathic encephalitis remains poorly defined. Herein we delineate how limited testing, short diagnostic windows, and serologic cross-reactivity may favor misclassification of viral encephalitis as idiopathic or presumed autoimmune encephalitis.
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Saivish et al. (2026) studied this question.
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