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The expansion of renewable energy has created employment opportunities in technical, commercial, administrative and entrepreneurial activities. However, women’s participation may differ across occupational categories. This study examined women’s distribution across renewable energy job categories in Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study was guided by the Gender and Development (GAD) theory and employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected from 20 purposively selected women comprising eight technicians, eight renewable energy sales representatives, two energy officers and two clean energy entrepreneurs. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect data, which were analysed thematically. The findings show that participants mainly entered renewable energy employment through formal recruitment involving job advertisements, applications and interviews. However, women’s participation was uneven across occupational categories. Participants were represented in sales, customer-facing and selected technical activities, while their participation in some specialised technical and engineering functions remained limited. Employment arrangements also varied across occupational groups. Participants in public institutions generally held permanent positions, whereas private-sector sales representatives were mainly engaged through short-term, project-based or commission-related arrangements. The findings further show that renewable energy employment in Kinondoni was concentrated mainly in solar and electricity-related activities, while opportunities in biogas, wind and geothermal energy were limited. The study concludes that women’s participation is shaped not only by recruitment procedures but also by technical training, opportunities to apply skills, occupational pathways, employment arrangements and the structure of the local renewable energy market.
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John et al. (2026) studied this question.
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