Structural Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared From Phragmites australis Plant

This work aims to study the structural properties of the activated carbon prepared from Phragmites australis plant via a simple chemical activation method. The calcination process was performed using a sand bath. The X‐ray diffraction analysis shows an amorphous structure mixed with a few peaks of graphite. The average crystalline size value of the sample is about 40 nm. The degree of crystallinity of the sample is about 26%, indicating the amorphous feature in the sample. The field emission scanning electron microscope measurement exhibited cavities with a hexagonal structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is employed to find the carbon‐containing functional groups, with characteristic absorption bands observed at 3317 and 1601 cm − 1 , corresponding to O–H and C─H groups, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the sample can be used for dye removal.