Lifelong Learning Implementation in Cambodia: From Fragmentation to Integration

This study aims to examine the current implementation of lifelong learning in Cambodia and identify key challenges hindering this implementation. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through document review and semi-structured interviews with 17 key informants from government institutions, higher education institutions, staff of lifelong learning centres, and development partners. The findings reveal that while multiple stakeholders are actively engaged in lifelong learning provision, implementation remains fragmented and uneven. Major challenges include weak governance and coordination mechanisms, limited articulation between formal, non-formal, and informal learning pathways, the absence of an institutionalised recognition, validation, and accreditation system, capacity constraints at community learning centres, insufficient and unstable financing, and underdeveloped data monitoring systems. This study argues that Cambodia’s lifelong learning challenge is primarily systemic rather than conceptual, reflecting gaps between policy intent and operational capacity. It concludes that strengthening governance structures, expanding flexible learning pathways, professionalising the lifelong learning workforce, ensuring sustainable financing, and developing an integrated lifelong learning information system are critical for building a coherent and inclusive lifelong learning ecosystem. The findings offer policy-relevant insights for Cambodia and other developing countries that aim to institutionalise lifelong learning as a driver of inclusive and sustainable development.