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Reionisation does not happen uniformly; ionised bubbles grow around clustered sources and eventually merge. Using the stated cosmology and the brightness-temperature relations described in the Methods, the calculation gives the following headline values: bubble R Mpc = 14.0; bubble R standard Mpc = 10; z = 8.0; volume frac = 0.50. The comparison values taken from the published record — including the EDGES and SARAS reports, HERA limits and the Planck optical depth where relevant — are used exactly as published, and the bounce contribution enters only through the named timing, heating or shear inputs. The result is a computed prediction for the delayed-onset history, with its sensitivity to each input stated in the Discussion. This study is simulated and computed from stated assumptions; it is not a measurement.
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William Alexander Aldred (2026) studied this question.
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