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This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart agriculture monitoring prototype built around an ESP32 microcontroller. The system integrates soil-moisture sensing, ambient temperature and relative-humidity measurement, and irrigation-water monitoring through total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity sensors. A relay interface controls a water pump, and an OLED provides local status information. Selected values and pump state are shared through Firebase Realtime Database for a web dashboard, while a Telegram bot supports status requests and remote mode and pump commands. The supplied firmware implements threshold-based automatic control with soil-moisture hysteresis and multi-sample confirmation. This manuscript documents the implemented architecture and interface evidence. It does not claim calibrated sensor accuracy, water savings, crop-yield improvement, or field-scale reliability; these require controlled validation
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L. et al. (2026) studied this question.
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