Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
This paper examines the emergence of “looksmaxxing” in women’s online spaces. As a specific and underexamined element within what Jilly Boyce Kay analyzes as “reactionary feminism,” essentialist logics about gender and race are operationalized through the aesthetics of science and self-optimization rather than explicitly political rhetoric. Users construct the “science of beauty” through decentralized forms of expertise, from plastic surgery influencers to scientific racism to community-generated aesthetic taxonomies. We identify a thread of individualized and intimate genetic fatalism shaping both aesthetic frameworks and the tactics used to achieve them, mutating the postfeminist promise of self-transformation toward distinctly reactionary goals. This tension between the essentialism and malleability of the body makes the paradigm generative and self-sustaining, absorbing failure and keeping users invested. This case is a call to examine “fringe” and aesthetics-focused cultural formations for insight on how bioessentialist ideas about race and gender circulate today.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Bergmann et al. (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: