Neuroimmunomodulation – from concept to application

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Introduction: The vagus nerve is a key component of the autonomic nervous system and plays an important role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Through bidirectional communication between the nervous and immune systems, it participates in the regulation of inflammatory processes via mechanisms of neuroimmunomodulation. Objective: To present the role of the vagus nerve in the neuroimmune surveillance of the organism and to discuss the potential application of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: This paper is based on a review and analysis of the available scientific and professional literature regarding the physiology of the vagus nerve, mechanisms of neuroimmunomodulation, and the effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on the regulation of inflammatory processes. Conclusion: The vagus nerve plays an important role in neuroimmune surveillance through the inflammatory reflex, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. An increasing number of studies indicate the potential of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as a safe and non-invasive method for modulating the immune response. The development and application of this method may contribute to the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and improve therapeutic options in the field of neuroimmunomodulation.