Key result
Severe infantile hypertriglyceridemia links to fatal respiratory distress and stroke reversible with targeted therapy.
Case Report (n=2)
No
Major pediatric hypertriglyceridemia is a rare, life-threatening condition often discovered via lactescent blood sampling that can cause premature cranial atherosclerosis, stroke, or fatal respiratory distress if not promptly managed.
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Extreme hypertriglyceridemia warrants consideration in neonates with lactescent blood; extends sparse pediatric reports but leaves optimal management open.
Hypertriglyceridemia is relatively common in adults but rare in children. It is potentially serious due to its complications, the main ones being acute pancreatitis and stroke. We report the case of hypertriglyceridemia in a seventeen-day-old newborn and a 14-month-old infant respectively. The milky appearance of the blood had led to suspicion of lipids disorder, and the lipid profile confirmed hypertriglyceridemia. The course was fatal in the newborn. In the infant case, after starting medical treatment and nutritional treatment, she suffered a stroke due to a fat embolus. The outcome was favorable after motor rehabilitation sessions.
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Kaboré et al. (2026) conducted a case report in Major hypertriglyceridemia in children (n=2). Nutritional management (diet free of animal fats with vegetable oil) and medical therapy (acetylsalicylic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, cholestyramine) in Case 2; supportive intensive care in Case 1 was evaluated on Clinical survival, neurological recovery, and lipid profile normalization. Major hypertriglyceridemia caused fatal respiratory distress in a 17-day-old newborn and stroke in a 14-month-old infant who recovered with diet and lipid therapy.
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