A Photovoltaic Wing for a Jupiter Orbiter: Low-Intensity Performance, Radiation Degradation and the Area Needed for Twelve Kilowatts at Five Astronomical Units

This paper presents a design study of a system whose operating principle is Triple-junction photovoltaic conversion under low-intensity, low-temperature conditions at Jupiter. The sizing is computed from stated assumptions, with every headline quantity produced by the deposited calculation script. The headline results are: flux W m2 = 50.3; area m2 = 952.7; mass kg = 3,049; end power per m2 W = 12.6. The study is simulated and computed, not measured, and the design is labelled SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED. Where the computed outcome is unfavourable to the concept, that outcome is stated as the result rather than softened: the purpose of the study is to establish, from the governing relations, what a system of this kind can deliver at the stated distance, temperature, or scale, what it costs in mass, area or power, and which assumption controls the answer.