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In this article, we provide a new construction of a set of projection operators and apply it to obtain the propagator of three-dimensional models of electrodynamics; in particular, we consider the Maxwell-Lee-Wick-Chern-Simons, Maxwell-Deser-Jackiw electrodynamics and nonlocal infinite derivative electrodynamics. In order to prove the efficacy of these operators, we perform a causality and unitarity analysis to investigate the presence of ghosts and tachyons.
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Cruz et al. (2026) studied this question.
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