Deep Vein Thrombosis Complicated by the Dissemination of Muscular Tuberculosis due to Acupuncture Treatment

ObjectivesTo present a rare case of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the right upper extremity caused by muscular tuberculosis (MTB), likely disseminated via acupuncture, and to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges encountered.MethodsThis case report details the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and management of a patient with MTB-associated DVT. The patient was treated with standard anti-tuberculosis therapy (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) along with anticoagulation therapy (low-molecular-weight heparin and rivaroxaban). Surgical intervention (debridement and drainage) was required due to abscess formation during treatment.ResultsInitially, the patient's DVT had an unclear etiology but was ultimately attributed to MTB. Despite complications including tuberculous abscess formation, combined medical and surgical management led to a successful outcome with resolution of infection and thrombosis.ConclusionsMuscular tuberculosis, though rare, should be considered in cases of unexplained DVT, particularly in patients with risk factors such as invasive procedures (eg, acupuncture). Early diagnosis, combined anti-TB therapy, anticoagulation, and surgical intervention, when necessary, can lead to favorable outcomes.