Cross-Polar-Cap Potential and Its Saturation: Reconnection Voltage Against Solar-Wind Electric Field

This paper computes cross-polar-cap potential and its saturation from stated published inputs, using algebraic relations whose every step is deposited as executable code. Across the cases computed, overshoot factor spans 0.14 to 5.4. The first case gives v km s 400; Bz south nT 2; wind E mV m 0.8; linear potential kV 36; saturated cap kV 250; overshoot factor 0.14. The last case gives v km s 1000; Bz south nT 30; wind E mV m 30; linear potential kV 1350; saturated cap kV 250; overshoot factor 5.4. The calculations are simulated and computed from the stated assumptions; they are not measurements. Where a comparison against the Aldred Limit density bound is made, the bound values used are 9.72e54 g per cubic centimetre for a neutron carrier and 2.87e48 g per cubic centimetre for an electron carrier, and the size of any separation found is reported plainly, including where the result is that the bound does not constrain the magnetospheric quantity in question.