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This paper examines how the rotation measured for sources at intermediate redshift discriminates between mechanisms that accumulate the angle gradually and mechanisms that produce it in a single early epoch. The calculation is performed from stated assumptions and published polarisation measurements, using the deposited script so that every quoted number can be reproduced. The headline outputs are: beta z1 distance law = 0.071; beta z1 time law = 0.170; beta lowz highz law = 0.000. The treatment separates what the published measurements supply from what a theoretical framework must additionally provide; where a required quantity is not supplied, that absence is reported plainly as a negative result rather than replaced by an assumed value. The study is computed from stated assumptions and published inputs; it is not a new measurement. SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED in the sense that all derived quantities are calculated, not observed.
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William Alexander Aldred (2026) studied this question.
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