Food Sovereignty in an Age of Geopolitical Fragmentation: Corporate Power, Global Supply-Chain Vulnerabilities, and the Reconfiguration of Indonesia’s National Food Politics

Global food politics connects agrifood production and consumption to geopolitical conflict, corporate concentration, trade governance, climate instability, and contested claims over food sovereignty. This qualitative literature review examines how those transnational forces influence Indonesia’s national food-policy orientation, especially its renewed emphasis on domestic production, public reserves, postharvest infrastructure, price stabilization, and village cooperatives. Drawing interpretively on peer-reviewed journal literature published during 2020–2026 and triangulating policy claims against official Indonesian regulations, the review identifies seven interconnected arenas of power: knowledge and seed technologies; agricultural inputs; trade and logistics; finance and corporate organization; rule-setting; narratives and information; and land, procurement, and territorial distribution. Findings indicate that external shocks expose real vulnerabilities, but neither autarky nor indiscriminate import liberalization provides a sufficient response. Indonesia’s institutional challenge is to combine domestic productive capacity with diversified external sourcing, accessible nutritious diets, protected smallholder livelihoods, accountable reserves, ecological safeguards, and meaningful local participation. The review develops a conditional sovereignty framework that treats autonomy as an ability to make effective, equitable choices under uncertainty rather than as the elimination of trade. It proposes a multidimensional policy scorecard and a research agenda for testing implementation outcomes. The principal contribution is a critical synthesis linking international political economy to Indonesia’s concrete food-governance instruments while distinguishing verified legal intent from outcomes that still require empirical evaluation.