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This study analyzed the variation in the output time of 20-liter jugs in a mineral water bottling line in Espírito Santo, Brazil, using field timing and statistical process control tools. Truck changes took about a quarter of the time and, apart from them, the process was stable, but with a mean above the company’s reference. The main opportunity lies in organizing truck changes.
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Gonçalves et al. (2026) studied this question.
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