Evaluation of Geopolymer durability through Absorption capacity for Various Environments

Objective. Geopolymer composites based on industrial waste are considered a promising low-carbon alternative to Portland cement; however, evaluating their long-term durability in aggressive environments requires detailed investigation. Method. The methodology included water absorption testing, determination of the chloride ion diffusion coefficient (DCl-), and accelerated testing for alkali-silica reaction (ASR) resistance using specially selected reactive sand. Result. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the durability of geopolymer mortars, where the binder consists of alkali-activated basalt wool manufacturing waste (BWW). The influence of mono- and hybrid dispersed reinforcement (steel cord, polypropylene, and BWW fiber) on the sorption and migration characteristics of the material was investigated. It was established that the geopolymer matrix ensures chemical immobilization of alkalis, demonstrating a linear expansion of less than 0.05% during ASR testing, which is 8–10 times lower than that of the control cement mortar. The chloride diffusion coefficient for geopolymers decreased to 5.4–8.9×10⁻¹² m²/s by 90 days. Furthermore, the ability of geopolymers to self-seal over time was proven, leading to a reduction in water absorption to 1.8–2.8% by 90 days. Conclusion. The results justify the application of the developed composites in structures operating in marine environments and under de-icing salt exposure, aligning with circular economy principles.