Comparative and Typological Features of Persian and Uzbek: Lexical, Morphological, and Syntactic Relationships

This article examines the comparative and typological features of Persian and Uzbek at the lexical, morphological, and syntactic levels. The primary objective is to identify the structural differences between these languages, which belong to different language families, as well as the similarities and features that have emerged through historical language contact. Persian belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, whereas Uzbek belongs to the Karluk branch of the Turkic language family. These classifications provide an important theoretical basis for comparing their grammatical systems. The article analyzes the Persian ezafe construction, the marker -rā used with direct objects, analytic grammatical structures, and the agglutinative morphology, case markers, and word-formation patterns of Uzbek. It also examines lexical borrowings from the Persian-Tajik linguistic environment into Uzbek, focusing on their phonological and semantic adaptation and their functions within the Uzbek linguistic system. The study employs comparative-descriptive, typological, componential, and historical-comparative approaches. The findings indicate that certain syntactic similarities between Persian and Uzbek do not demonstrate genetic relationship; such similarities may instead be explained by typological tendencies and prolonged language contact.