Suicide Among Indigenous Peoples in Brazil: Ecological Study and Geospatial Mapping of Cases, 2013–2022

Objective This retrospective ecological study analyzes the temporal trend of suicides among Indigenous men and women in Brazilian cities between 2013 and 2022. Methods Suicide mortality data were obtained from the Ministry of Health’s Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, SIM). Records were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), focusing on intentional self-harm (X60–X84). Results There was a significant increase in suicides among Indigenous men (41%) and women (42.9%). The highest absolute numbers occurred in the North, for men (n = 547) and women (n = 195). The Central-West showed the highest suicide rates for men (30.5/100,000) and women (8.8/100,000). The most affected age group among men was 20–29 years (37.3%), while among women it was 15–19 years (36%). Findings highlight the urgency of suicide prevention public policies for Indigenous peoples, particularly youth and young adults. Conclusion Investment in culturally sensitive mental health strategies is essential to address Indigenous community contexts and expand access to psychosocial support services.