Topology-Triggered Bond-Based Peridynamics with Source-Connected Fracture-Path Reconstruction for Rock Hydraulic Fracturing

A quasi-static bond-based peridynamic framework combines source-connected fracture-path reconstruction with topology-triggered hydraulic loading. Local failed-bond evidence determines candidate path extensions, while source connectivity and two-sided support govern their acceptance. Each accepted extension updates the pressure-loaded boundary before mechanical equilibrium is restored. At the finest tested spacing, the computed crack openings agree with the Sneddon solution and independent finite-element solutions to within 4.3% for two orientations. Initiation-pressure errors relative to linear elastic fracture mechanics remain below 9%. The directional hydraulic-fracturing validation compares the predicted initiation pressure with the experimental value and the predicted path direction with that given by a mixed-mode criterion. The damage band widens more slowly than the connected path extends. A cavity–tunnel application isolates the role of pressure on newly formed surfaces. At a common cavity pressure, updating the loaded path produces a 40.45 mm pre-intersection equilibrium path, compared with 10.62 mm when fracture pressure is confined to the initial defect. The two loading treatments have the same initiation pressure but markedly different subsequent growth. Characterizing subsequent rock-bridge degradation therefore requires accounting for both initiation pressure and the evolving pressure-loaded boundary.