Challenge-based entrepreneurship and the coping strategies of physically disabled entrepreneurs in Lebanon

Purpose Drawing on the challenge-based entrepreneurship model, this study examines how disabled entrepreneurs in Lebanon manage the entrepreneurial barriers they encounter and develop the competencies needed to participate effectively in the entrepreneurial activities. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted in-depth interviews with 24 physically disabled entrepreneurs in Lebanon who own and operate their own businesses. The data were analyzed using the four-stage approach proposed by Miles and Huberman (1994). Findings The findings reveal three primary themes that illustrate how disabled entrepreneurs in Lebanon overcome the barriers they face. Network-dependent entrepreneurship emphasizes the importance of relationship-driven operations and sustained family support. Empathy-based value framing encompasses strategies such as disregarding harassment and stigma, eliciting sympathy and conducting entrepreneurship from home. Enduring entrepreneurial presence highlights engagement in fairs and exhibitions, alongside a strong orientation toward digital business practices. Participants also identified two complementary strategies for developing and strengthening entrepreneurial competencies in response to the evolving business environment. E-self-learning entails independent digital and online learning, while hands-on learning emphasizes experiential, practical engagement with business activities. Originality/value By examining these coping strategies and approaches to competency development, the study addresses a critical gap in the literature and highlights specificities of entrepreneurship by marginalized yet important segment of disabled entrepreneurs.