Comprehensive phytochemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities of Syzygium tamilnadense stem: An endemic species from the Western Ghats

A research study evaluated the chemical makeup and medicinal traits of Syzygium tamilnadense (Rathakr. & Chitra), a unique plant native to the Western Ghats region. Testing stem samples across multiple solvent polarities revealed that ethanol worked best for drawing out active biological ingredients. Chemical testing confirmed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and terpenoids. A GC-MS breakdown spotted 25 unique molecules, highlighting caryophyllene oxide (12.01%), neophytadiene (10.39%), squalene (6.04%), and phytol (2.71%) as primary elements valued for fighting oxidation, inflammation, and high blood sugar. The ethanol-based sample displayed powerful antioxidant traits (IC_ {50} = 147.82 ?g/mL) that beat out ascorbic acid, alongside rich total phenol levels. Furthermore, it proved highly effective at blocking inflammation by restricting lipoxygenase activity and stopping protein breakdown, scoring higher than the common medication diclofenac. Blood sugar regulation trials also proved the sample successfully blocks both alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase breakdown processes.