Key result
Adherence to five healthy lifestyle factors is linked to ~86% lower MI risk in men.
Why the study?
Adherence to a combination of healthy dietary and lifestyle practices may have an impressive impact on the primary prevention of MI, motivating an examination of the benefit of combined low-risk diet and healthy lifestyle practices on the incidence of MI in men.
Does adherence to a combination of 5 low-risk diet and lifestyle habits reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction in men aged 45 to 79 years without history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, or cancer?
Cohort (n=20,721)
Does adherence to a combination of 5 low-risk diet and lifestyle habits reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction in men aged 45 to 79 years without history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, or cancer?
Adherence to a combination of five low-risk dietary and lifestyle habits is associated with an 86% lower relative risk of incident myocardial infarction in men, potentially preventing nearly 4 out of 5 events.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Five low-risk factors were associated with lower MI incidence; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
Background Adherence to a combination of healthy dietary and lifestyle practices may have an impressive impact on the primary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the benefit of combined low-risk diet and healthy lifestyle practices on the incidence of MI in men. Methods The population-based, prospective cohort of Swedish men comprised 45- to 79-year-old men who completed a detailed questionnaire on diet and lifestyle at baseline in 1997. In total, 20,721 men with no history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, or high cholesterol levels were followed through 2009. Low-risk behavior included 5 factors: a healthy diet (top quintile of Recommended Food Score), moderate alcohol consumption (10 to 30 g/day), no smoking, being physically active (walking/bicycling ≥40 min/day and exercising ≥1 h/week), and having no abdominal adiposity (waist circumference <95 cm). Results During 11 years of follow-up, we ascertained 1,361 incident cases of MI. The low-risk dietary choice together with moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a relative risk of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48 to 0.87) compared with men having 0 of 5 low-risk factors. Men having all 5 low-risk factors compared with those with 0 low-risk factors had a relative risk of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.43). This combination of healthy behaviors, present in 1% of the men, could prevent 79% (95% CI: 34% to 93%) of the MI events on the basis of the study population. Conclusions Almost 4 of 5 MIs in men may be preventable with a combined low-risk behavior.
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Åkesson et al. (2014) conducted a cohort in Primary prevention of myocardial infarction (n=20,721). All 5 low-risk diet and lifestyle factors (healthy diet, moderate alcohol consumption, no smoking, physical activity, no abdominal adiposity) vs. 0 of 5 low-risk factors was evaluated on Incident myocardial infarction (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04-0.43). Adherence to all 5 low-risk diet and lifestyle factors vs 0 factors was associated with a lower risk of incident myocardial infarction in men.
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