Sky-Facing Radiator Panels for Waste-Heat Rejection on Mars: Radiative Sizing Against a Cold Sky

This paper presents a sized design for a Mars surface system based on thermal radiation from high-emissivity panels to the cold Martian sky and space. Deployable radiator panels that reject habitat and power-system waste heat by radiation alone, without expending water. The study is SIMULATED, NOT MEASURED: all values are computed from stated assumptions and published Martian environmental data, and no hardware was built or tested. The principal computed results are emissivity of 0.92, panel temperature K of 300, effective sky K of 210, flux W m2 of 321.1. Further results include rejection load W of 8500, total area m2 of 26.47, panel count of 12, area per panel m2 of 2.21. The design is a computed study for peaceful surface operations — power supply, thermal control, radiation protection, construction and resource extraction for a crewed base — and it has no targeting or weapon application. Losses, deratings for dust and temperature, and the margin between capacity and the stated load are reported alongside the headline figures, and the limitations section states what a physical test would still need to establish.