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This study sizes a vapour-compression heat pump delivering 12 kilowatts of habitat heat through the lunar night from a subsurface source at 240 kelvin: the Carnot coefficient of performance is 5.36, the working coefficient at the stated second-law efficiency is 2.41, electrical demand is 4.97 kilowatts and ground extraction is 7.0 kilowatts. Sizing follows from computed thermal budgets derived in the study. This is a computed study with no targeting or weapon application. The work is simulated and computed from stated assumptions, not measured.
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William Alexander Aldred (2026) studied this question.
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