Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) seed peels extract as antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antibacterial in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) seed peels valorization are increasingly recognized as an alternative approach to the discovery of bioactive compounds of medicinal interest. In this study, extraction, characterization and biological evaluation of polyphenol rich extracts (PE) of peach ( Prunus persica L. Batsch) seed peels for antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials were carried out. Phytochemical screening showed selective enrichment of phenolic compounds. HPLC analysis revealed that chlorogenic acid (310.56 µg/mL) was the most abundant compound, followed by 5-hydroxyferulic acid (125.64 µg/mL), gentisic acid (110.21 µg/mL), vanillic acid (102.64 µg/mL) and sinapic acid (100.54 µg/mL). No signs of acute toxicity were observed during dose administration up to 120 mg/kg. The biological activity was studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with the polyphenol extract (PE) at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg. The diabetes group was seen to exhibited a significantly higher level of fasting blood surge (FBS) (186.41 ± 5.69 mg/dL), HbA1c (11.12 ± 3.14%) and insulin concentration (13.59 ± 2.69 µIU/mL) than the control rats ( P < 0.001). The administration of the PE significantly reduced the levels of the biomarkers with the highest dosage resulting in nearly normalized values. In addition, the PE exhibited antioxidative via reduction of total oxidant status (TOS) (3.92 ± 0.74 to 1.92 ± 0.84 µmol/L) and increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), and vitamin E concentrations ( P < 0.001). Selective antibacterial action on Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis ), but no such action was noted against Gram-negative. Results from correlation analyses showed that there were strong associations between glycaemic biomarkers and biomarkers for oxidative stress. In summary, the results indicate that PE is a sustainable and affordable source of potent polyphenolic compounds with antihyperglycaemic and antioxidative properties and antibacterial activity.