Promoting sustainable urban growth in the G7 through innovation-driven entrepreneurship policies

Sustainable urban development is increasingly important in addressing resource scarcity, climate change, and accelerating urbanization. However, fragmented governance and isolated policy interventions often hinder the adoption of sustainable solutions. This study investigates how innovation and entrepreneurship policies promote green technology advancement, inclusive economic development, and sustainable urban transformation in G7 cities. Using Paris, Toronto, and Berlin as comparative cases, the study adopts a structured evidence-based approach examining policy initiatives, financing mechanisms, governance arrangements, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and regulatory practices. It further examines the roles of collaborative governance, digital platforms, and citizen engagement in overcoming institutional challenges and enabling integrated policy approaches. The findings demonstrate the value of mission-oriented and adaptive policy frameworks that strengthen connections among governments, enterprises, research organizations, and communities. The study also highlights the importance of embedding social inclusion within innovation strategies to ensure equitable access to urban opportunities. By providing a structured comparative assessment, this research shows how innovation policy, entrepreneurial ecosystems, and multi-level governance can be integrated to improve policy coordination, support innovation diffusion, and promote sustainable urban growth in G7 cities.