Perspectives and practices of community members regarding oral health behaviour and factors that influence oral health service utilisation in rural India: a qualitative study

Objective This study was conducted to explore community perceptions about oral health, oral health practices and experiences with oral health services to understand oral health needs and service utilization patterns. Methods A qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted with twenty-eight participants aged ≥18 years residing in two preselected Indian villages. An inductive thematic analysis of the data was undertaken, with iterative coding and team-based reflexive discussions. Results Four interrelated themes emerged—1) perceived relationship between oral and overall health, awareness of and causes of common oral conditions; 2) oral hygiene practices; 3) perceptions about accessing oral health care services; and 4) experiences with oral health care services and shaping of perceptions about oral health, hygiene and access to care. The interviews highlighted a fragmented understanding of the connection between oral and general health. Despite awareness of risk factors for oral conditions, oral hygiene practices were inadequate, with a mix of modern and traditional methods. Participants had a predominantly treatment-oriented rather than preventive approach towards oral care. High treatment costs, lack of time and fear of procedures were major experienced barriers. Additionally positive experiences with professional dental services appeared to positively shape their perceptions of oral hygiene practices and intentions of seeking care. Conclusion The findings underscore the need for culturally appropriate interventions that strengthen community's knowledge about oral health, highlighting the importance of adopting preventive measures. This must be supported by training of healthcare providers, addressing the barriers and engaging with community leaders as role models.