Pharmacogenomics of antidiabetic agents: current evidence and implications for precision medicine

Diabetes mellitus, a noncommunicable disease, is controlled with antidiabetic medications. However, interindividual variations require tailored therapy with suitable drugs to achieve glycemic control. Very few studies have focused on candidate genes that regulate drug transport and the target sensitivity of antidiabetic drugs. These genes help predict treatment efficacy, adverse reactions, and long-term maintenance of glycemic control, particularly by reducing the risk of severe hypoglycemia and therapeutic failure. Pharmacogenomics has paved the way for personalized therapy and the identification of novel targets. This review will cover the genes involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus, mainly SLC2A2, SLC47A1, SLC47A2, CYP2C9, SUR1, GLP1R, TCF7L2, ABCC8, and KCNQ1 , associated with various antidiabetic drugs.