Topological Optimization and Robust Active Disturbance Rejection Control of an ACLD Cylindrical Shell with Breathing Cracks Under Multi-Field Coupling Degradation

To address the issues of time-varying stiffness softening and multi-field nonlinear degradation in a cylindrical laminated shell containing breathing cracks and covered with a locally segmented active constrained layer damping (ACLD), this study establishes a multi-field coupled dynamic theoretical framework that integrates “degradation modeling, topological optimization, and anti-saturation robust control.” This framework is constructed using a three-dimensional fully coupled dynamic flexibility matrix based on the extended Layerwise-Sanders kinematics and the bilinear cohesive zone model(CZM), and employs a spatial domain decomposition differential-quadrature method (DD-DQM) to solve for discrete solutions at discontinuous boundaries; The Crested Porcupine Optimization (CPO) algorithm, driven by a damage strain energy distortion field, is introduced to perform the spatial topological configuration of ACLD patches, and a closed-loop linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) strategy with a state-corrected anti-saturation mechanism is established. The results show that the CPO optimization captures the energy accumulation characteristics caused by localized damage, precisely and universally locking the optimal initial patch coordinates for different matrix materials at the upper boundary limit xacld1 = 10.00 cm; When faced with high-order nonlinear harmonic perturbations triggered by a 50 N transient impact, the designed anti-saturation LADRC strategy can effectively suppress the system’s asymmetric oscillations within approximately 0.05 s, while keeping the control voltage confined within the hardware safety boundary of ±150 V throughout the entire time domain. This study provides a reference for robust control and topological optimization of damaged intelligent flexible structures under multidimensional perturbation environments.