Assessment of sleep patterns in third-trimester pregnant women: A cross-sectional latent profile analysis

This study seeks to categorize different sleep patterns in third-trimester pregnant women (≥28 weeks gestation) using latent profile analysis and to determine associated factors. A cross-sectional survey was carried out at a Shanghai hospital, where sleep information was gathered from 343 pregnant women via electronic questionnaires between June and August 2024. A total of 280 questionnaires were included (with a valid response rate of 81.63%). A 4-profile model was suggested as the optimum: good sleep quality (64.9%), high sleep efficiency-daytime dysfunction (19.3%), high sleep duration-low sleep efficiency (6.5%), and sleep disorder (SLD, 9.3%). Logistic regression analysis identified age, employment status, and anxiety as factors associated with poor sleep quality in pregnant women. Specifically, compared with the Good Sleep Quality group, women of older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.186, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.072–1.313) were more prone to the High Sleep Efficiency-Daytime Dysfunction group classification. Older age (OR = 1.169, 95% CI = 1.028–1.331) and anxiety (OR = 1.075, 95% CI = 1.007–1.147) were associated with higher odds of SLD group membership, whereas employment (OR = 0.249, 95% CI = 0.102–0.604) was associated with lower odds of SLD group membership. Our study identified disparities in sleep quality among pregnant women based on various factors. Specifically, pregnant women with advanced maternal age or symptoms of anxiety were more likely to have poorer sleep quality. Employment was associated with lower odds of membership in the sleep-disorder profile. This indicates a need for tailored clinical care for different individuals.