Reusing Destruction Debris for Urban Resilience in the Reconstruction of Gaza

This study addresses the challenge of managing quantities of war-generated debris and transforming it from an environmental and security liability into a strategic resource that strengthens urban resilience. Drawing on experiences from Bosnia, Iraq, and Ukraine, the research employs a comparative analytical methodology to develop a strategic framework for reusing war debris in sustainable reconstruction within conflict-affected areas. The framework comprises 15 actionable components under four dimensions: governance and financing, environmental and health safety, technological and digital localization, and community empowerment. Field testing in the Gaza involved surveys with 282 participants, including experts and community members. Findings reveal that limited access to specialized equipment, energy shortages, and a lack of coordinated governance mechanisms are key barriers to debris recycling in Gaza. Over 80% supported the framework, 67% expressed willingness to live in buildings using recycled materials, and 83% viewed its success as a symbol of recovery and hope.