Construction and Performance Evaluation of a High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Wind Field Analysis System (MAPS) Around Jeju International Airport

Jeju Island has complex local winds shaped by its island terrain and sea–land breezes, and point observations cannot resolve their three-dimensional structure. This study developed the Multi-scale Analysis and Prognosis System (MAPS), which combines Doppler lidar radial velocity, wind profiler (WPF) data, and a background field in a variational framework to produce hourly three-dimensional wind fields at 100 m horizontal and vertical resolutions around Jeju International Airport. Compared with Automatic Weather Station (AWS) observations for April 2026, the MAPS analysis reduced the wind speed root-mean-square error (RMSE) from 3.58, 4.01, and 3.33 m s−1 in the background field to 1.51, 1.46, and 1.98 m s−1 at the Jeju, Oedo, and Odeung stations, respectively. A case study under weak synoptic forcing (5 April 2026) used WPF, Low-Level Wind Shear Alert System (LLWAS), and Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) observations. The MAPS analysis captured the wind direction shift observed around 09 UTC and a local circulation near LLWAS station RS004, and its wind speed errors were smaller than those of the background field. These results indicate that MAPS reduces background-field wind speed errors and can reflect the temporal, spatial, and vertical structure of local winds around Jeju.