Multi-Criteria Decision-Making in Green Human Resource Management: A Systematic Review and Evidence Gap Map

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is increasingly applied to prioritize green human resource management (GHRM) practices; however, previous reviews have not compared MCDM families within GHRM or examined the level at which decisions are modeled. This systematic literature review addresses that gap. Scopus searches on 22 October and 9 November 2026 returned 147 records; following PRISMA 2020, 112 unique records were screened and 39 studies included. Studies were coded by year, sector, country, decision problem, method family, evidence level, and reported quality checks, and the results were summarized in a descriptive profile, a decision problem–method table, a method comparison, and an evidence gap map. Twenty-five studies were published from 2023 onward, with manufacturing as the largest sector group. Barriers and drivers (19 studies) and practice prioritization (12) dominated. Weighting methods (17), causal methods such as DEMATEL (14), and structural methods such as ISM (14) formed the most common families, whereas consistency, consensus, and sensitivity checks were confirmed in a limited number of studies. No study in the reviewed set offered a validated individual-level appraisal of green performance or green competence. Role-specific research directions, including green teaching for academic staff, and a five-step appraisal sequence are proposed as a research agenda for validation.