Multifunctional Shape-Memory Composite Films with Coupled Morphing–Transparency–Luminescence Modulation via Interfacial Engineering and Hybrid Nanoparticle Design

Shape-memory polymers offer programmable deformation, yet their use in storing and regulating optically readable information remains limited. Inspired by the adaptive optical behavior of glass squid, we developed a multifunctional shape-memory composite film integrating programmable morphing, reversible transparency modulation, optical-state storage, and phosphorescent readout. The film combines refractive-index-matched phosphorescent carbon dots/silica nanoparticles (CDs/SiO2 NPs) with a poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) shape-memory matrix. Mechanical programming generates interfacial microcavities, decreasing the transmittance from 88.4 to 18.6% while fixing the programmed optical state without continuous external force. Thermal shape recovery promotes transparency restoration and reveals the concealed information. Meanwhile, the CDs/SiO2 NPs provide visible-light-excited afterglow observable for approximately 6 s for dark-state recognition. The integration of programmable morphing, transparency modulation, and phosphorescent readout enables dynamic anti-counterfeiting/encryption and adaptive visual signaling.