State financial and budgetary policy for the innovative development of Russia

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the Russian Federation’s public financial and budgetary policy in the area of innovative development. It examines key areas of state participation in the formation of a national innovation system in the context of sanctions pressure and the pursuit of technological sovereignty. Particular attention is paid to a range of state financial support measures for the high-tech sector: national projects, preferential regimes for IT companies and small technology companies, infrastructure initiatives (technology parks, support funds), and human resource development programs. The paper compares Russian R&D funding indicators with those of a number of economically developed countries, identifying differences in the structure of funding sources and the intensity of investment in R&D. The article analyzes the dynamics and structure of innovation funding in Russia, highlights priority sectors, and identifies regional differences in scientific and technological development. Barriers hindering innovation are also considered, primarily insufficient private investment in R&D, a high administrative burden, and the risks of regulatory and supervisory activities, which are particularly significant for small and medium-sized businesses. The analysis yields conclusions regarding the potential of the current system of financial and economic support for innovation and the need for its further refinement. The importance of integrating scientific research into the real economy, expanding public-private partnership mechanisms, and adapting support instruments to the needs of individual industries and regions is emphasized. The authors believe this will improve the overall effectiveness of innovation policy and accelerate the achievement of technological development targets.