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For every blazar pointed at the Earth there are many more active galactic nuclei pointed elsewhere, and those misaligned objects, seen as radio galaxies, also emit gamma rays. Anchoring their component at the published fraction of the isotropic background at 1 GeV and carrying its reported spectral shape across the band, this paper computes the radio-galaxy fraction from 0.3 to 100 GeV. It finds fraction at 1GeV = 0.21; fraction at 100GeV = 0.29; fraction at 10GeV = 0.247. Together with the blazar component, misaligned nuclei leave limited room at GeV energies for components that have not yet been counted. The study is simulated and computed from published values, not measured.
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William Alexander Aldred (2026) studied this question.
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