Analisis Yuridis Pengawasan Keimigrasian dalam Pencegahan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Manusia melalui Modus Pekerja Migran Nonprosedural

Indonesia's position as a country of origin, transit, and destination for cross-border trafficking in persons places the immigration function at the frontline of prevention, particularly through passport screening and departure control at immigration checkpoints. This study employs a normative-juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches to examine the legal framework governing immigration oversight in preventing trafficking in persons conducted under the guise of nonprocedural labor migration, and to identify the juridical obstacles faced by immigration officers. Drawing on statutory analysis of Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, Law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, Law No. 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers, the Palermo Protocol, and recent Indonesian legal scholarship, the analysis indicates that the exixting legal framework positions immigration control at the passport-application and checkpoint stages is normatively designed to function as a preventive instrument. Nevertheless, normative ambiguity persists regarding the legal status of nonprocedural migrant workers as victims versus administrative offenders, and Immigration Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS Keimigrasian) lack independent authority to investigate trafficking cases originating from human smuggling. The study concludes that regulatory harmonization between the immigration and migrant worker protection regimes, together with clearer statutory investigative authority and strengthened inter-agency coordination, is necessary to reinforce a victim-oriented legal framework for preventing trafficking in persons.