Wearable acoustic bioelectronics for health monitoring and therapy

Wearable acoustic bioelectronics (WABEs) are an emerging class of body‐coupled acoustic systems that integrate ultrasound transducers with miniaturized electronics, spanning skin‐conformal wearable patches, conformal probes, and ultra‐miniaturized implantable nodes for continuous sensing and therapy. Compared with conventional ultrasound systems, WABEs reduce reliance on bulky instrumentation and operator‐dependent scanning by enabling ambulatory monitoring, mechanical adaptability, and improved user comfort, although current platforms still face trade‐offs among aperture size, channel count, imaging quality, power consumption, and thermal management. Despite rapid progress, current developments remain fragmented, often focusing on isolated aspects such as piezoelectric material optimization or device structure, while critical challenges–including acoustic performance, system miniaturization, long‐term biocompatibility, energy management, and clinical translation remain insufficiently addressed. This review provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary overview of WABEs, spanning key material constituents, device architectures, and system‐level integration strategies that enable wireless operation, data processing, and scalability. We further highlight emerging biomedical applications, including bedside and daily ultrasound imaging, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal monitoring, and ultrasound‐assisted therapies such as targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and neuromodulation. By bridging material innovation, device engineering, and biomedical utility, this review identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines future directions toward intelligent, autonomous, and clinically deployable wearable acoustic healthcare systems.