A bibliometric analysis of haemocoagulase: Trends, impact, and future directions

Background: Haemocoagulase is extensively employed for the prophylaxis and management of surgical hemorrhage owing to its favorable safety profile, rapid onset of action, and sustained therapeutic effect. However, this agent exhibits a unique pharmacological duality: despite its primary hemostatic action, it paradoxically carries a risk of inducing bleeding. Furthermore, a specific subtype of haemocoagulase possesses anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties and is utilized in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Method: Publications on haemocoagulase and related thrombin-like enzyme preparations were identified in the Science Citation Index Expanded database of the Web of Science Core Collection. The structured search was limited to English-language articles and reviews published between 1 January, 1971 and 2 November, 2025. The search combined haemocoagulase, batroxobin, reptilase, venombin A, and closely related terminology. Records were screened by title and abstract, and the final dataset was analyzed bibliometrically. CiteSpace was used for reference and keyword clustering, timeline visualization, and citation burst detection; VOSviewer was used for co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence networks. Results: The bibliometric dataset comprised 489 publications contributed by 2037 authors at 565 institutions in 40 countries or regions. China, Capital Medical University, researcher B Blombäck, and the journal *Thrombosis Research* as key contributors; early studies focused on thrombin and anticoagulation therapy, while current research emphasizes serine proteases, fibrinogen, and snake venom-related studies. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis systematically characterizes the global research landscape of haemocoagulase based on published literature. Current scholarly works on haemocoagulase mainly focus on hemorrhagic adverse events related to its clinical application, as well as its therapeutic effects on ischemic cerebrovascular disease and sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which represent the dominant research hotspots in this field. Publication, citation, and keyword patterns indicate growing research attention to broader clinical applications and combination-treatment questions. These patterns describe the published literature and do not establish clinical efficacy, comparative benefit, or causal mechanisms.