Analysis of Construction Risks to Occupational Health andSafety in Housing Development Projects in Banjarmasin andSurrounding Areas

The construction sector encompasses a multitude of operational activities that exposethe workforce to a wide array of occupational hazards, thereby rendering effective OSHmanagement an indispensable component of project execution. Residential housing projectssituated in swamp-influenced zones present particular safety challenges, including falls fromheight, impacts from falling objects, electrical perils exacerbated by wet working conditions, andinjuries arising from hand-operated and power-driven implements. This investigation wasundertaken to evaluate occupational safety risks in residential housing construction withinBanjarmasin and its surrounding areas, employing the HIRARC methodology in conjunctionwith a 5×5 Risk Matrix. Primary data were derived from field observations, responses tostructured questionnaires administered to 35 construction workers, expert validation, and acomprehensive review of pertinent regulations and scholarly literature. The analysis identified15 hazard variables distributed across five principal construction phases. One hazard wasclassified as extreme, with the remaining 14 designated as high risk. The highest risk rating(17.04) was associated with work at elevation during roof installation, indicating the pressingrequirement for immediate control action. Risk mitigation strategies were developed inaccordance with the Hierarchy of Control and validated by certified construction safetypractitioners. Recommended measures include engineering interventions, administrativeenhancements, compulsory PPE usage, routine supervision, safety education, and the consistentapplication of the SMKK framework. The implementation of these strategies is expected toreduce occupational accident rates and improve safety performance in residential housingconstruction projects.