Motivation of managers of business entities in times of crisis and war: challenges and transformations

The article examines the motivational aspects of professional development of managers of business entities in conditions of economic turbulence, crisis and war, when management personnel act as a key resource for maintaining the viability and competitiveness of a business. The object of the study is the motivation system of managers as the basis for their professional growth, adaptability and resilience in extreme circumstances. Problem statement. The main problem is identified as the transformation of traditional approaches to motivation in crisis conditions, when material incentives largely lose their effectiveness due to limited resources, while intangible factors (value, social, patriotic) acquire leading importance. Unresolved aspects of the problem. At the same time, the issues of quantitative assessment of the impact of motivational systems on the economic performance of enterprises, the formation of an index of motivational resilience of managers, as well as the study of the latest digital and psychological motivation tools remain unresolved. Purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of motivation in the professional development of managers of business entities in crisis conditions and analyze its impact on the economic efficiency of enterprises. The study used the methods of system analysis, typology, expert assessment, comparative analysis of motivational models and inductive generalization. Presentation of the main material. The main attention is paid to the identification of types, forms and directions of professional development of managers, the transformation of the structure of motivational factors and their integration into management practice. The results of the study indicate that motivation in crisis conditions acquires a complex character: value, social, work-life balance and existential motivation come to the fore. An effective motivation system should be adaptive, individualized and focused on a combination of material and non-material incentives. This has theoretical and practical significance in the context of the prospect of creating an effective system of motivation for managers. A direct economic effect of managers’ motivation has been established, which is manifested in increased productivity, reduced costs, strengthened corporate cohesion and increased innovative capacity of enterprises. Conclusions. It is concluded that an integrated system of motivation for managers in crisis conditions is not only a factor in business sustainability, but also a guarantee of the country's economic recovery.