Repeatability and reproducibility of hemodynamic measurements by intracranial 4D Flow MRI: a multi‑vendor and multi‑software cross‑over comparison study

Key Points

• Measurements showed significant variation in flow rates based on software methods used, emphasizing the need for standardization.
• The analysis indicated that multiple software platforms may lead to inconsistencies in hemodynamic measurements.
• Cross-over comparison involving different MRI vendors demonstrated the impact of software on observational reliability and validity.
• Ensuring consistency in multi-center clinical studies may require employing a single software approach for post-processing.