If a New Causal Chain Begins, a Non-Internal Contribution Exists

Key Points

• The aim is to clarify that the onset and direction of a new causal chain involve outside influences.
• Conceptual analysis of causal chains
• Exploration of physical descriptions
• Examination of contributions
• A causal chain can begin without an internal fix from a closed physical description.
• Non-internal contributions exist but are not characterized by ontology, magnitude, or persistence.

Abstract