Contact Force Sensing Techniques This cover highlights recent advances in contact force sensing for cardiovascular interventions, focusing on compact, accurate, and instrument-integrable haptic sensor designs. By analyzing innovations in sensing mechanisms, functional materials, structural engineering, and performance optimization, it reveals new opportunities for enhanced surgical guidance, real-time feedback, robotic-assisted interventions, diagnosis, and therapy, enabling safer and more effective interventional procedures. More details can be found in the Review by Le Song, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Liu Wang, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/adma.202513239).
Li et al. (Sun,) studied this question.