Extending the 5-dimensional hypercube framework by adding a sixth axis Q (discrete color label with 4 values 0, r, g, b), this paper derives color charge, quark-lepton distinction, 8 gluon states (3×3−1=8), graviton placement, and mass as signed area from a unified discrete geometric structure. All 62 Standard Model states are reproduced without free parameters.
Noriaki Kihara (Sun,) studied this question.