Loss of circulating glucocorticoid rhythm disrupts the circadian transcriptome and vascular reactivity in the mouse renal artery

AIMS: Molecular clocks in the vasculature contribute to the normal circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythm. Glucocorticoids are known to synchronize molecular clocks within peripheral tissues. Disruption of the endogenous glucocorticoid rhythm causes 'non-dipping', a BP pattern associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. The mechanisms for this are unclear but vascular changes likely contribute. We examined the effect of impaired glucocorticoid rhythmicity on the time-of-day dependent vascular function and define the circadian transcriptome under control conditions and under arrhythmic glucocorticoids. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male C57BL6J mice kept on a 12:12 h light/dark cycle were implanted with a subcutaneous slow-release pellet containing vehicle or corticosterone (∼3.7 mg/kg/day), which flattened the endogenous glucocorticoid rhythm. After 7 days, renal arteries were isolated at 7am and 7pm to measure vasoreactivity using wire myography. Other arteries were taken 2-hourly over a 48 h period for RNA sequencing. In control arteries, endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation was elevated at wake-phase compared to the sleep-phase. This temporal variation was absent in the renal arteries from corticosterone treated mice. Using CircaCompare and LimoRhyde, we found circadian rhythms in 459 of the 14 225 protein-coding transcripts in control arteries. Following corticosterone treatment, circadian rhythmicity was no longer detected in 156 genes, including genes involved in 'peroxide homeostasis' such as Nox4, and 'TNF signaling' like Mmp14. Paradoxically 492 genes gained rhythmicity with most related to mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSION: This study expands the molecular landscape for understanding circadian vascular physiology and emphasizes the impact of glucocorticoid rhythm on temporal changes in gene expression and vascular function. This is clinically relevant to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction associated with perturbed glucocorticoid signaling, for example in metabolic syndrome and chronic stress.