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June 3, 2026HematoOpen Access

Primary Myelofibrosis vs. Multiple Myeloma-Associated Bone Marrow Fibrosis: When Treatment Response Clarifies the Diagnosis

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Authors

DFDolly Viviana Fiallo-SuárezRSRuth StuckeyALAngelina Lemes‐Castellano

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Overview

Case report shows the importance of accurate diagnosis in mixed hematologic conditions, impacting treatment.

Key Points

  • This report aims to clarify the diagnostic challenges between myelofibrosis and multiple myeloma-associated bone marrow fibrosis.
  • Case report of a 57-year-old female with a history of thrombocytosis and new symptoms of anemia and lumbar pain.
  • Bone marrow biopsy and imaging were used to evaluate fibrosis and vertebral lesions.
  • Integrated diagnostic approach considered the histologic response to plasma-cell-directed therapy.
  • Initial diagnosis met WHO criteria for myelofibrosis, but rapid resolution of fibrosis post-treatment indicated a cytokine-mediated process.
  • The dual diagnosis emphasized the need for accurate differentiation between true myelofibrosis and responses related to multiple myeloma.
  • Misclassification could significantly affect treatment strategies and patient prognosis.

Cite This Study

Fiallo-Suárez et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1fc5b7dee9eb8c0dce70cbhttps://doi.org/10.3390/hemato7020019
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Bone Marrow Fibrosis as a Predictor of Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma2026
  2. 2Bone marrow fibrosis in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and its correlation with clinicopathological factors2024 · 4 citations
  3. 3Distinct clinical, molecular, and treatment response profiles in primary and secondary myelofibrosis: a single-center retrospective study2026
  4. 4The Prevalence and Clinical Impact of Bone Marrow Fibrosis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia2026
  5. 5Primary Myelofibrosis ( <scp>PMF</scp> )—The German <scp>ONKOPEDIA</scp> Guideline 20252026