Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Ryken Grattet, Valerie Jenness, Theodore R. Curry, The Homogenization and Differentiation of Hate Crime Law in the United States, 1978 to 1995: Innovation and Diffusion in the Criminalization of Bigotry, American Sociological Review, Vol. 63, No. 2 (Apr., 1998), pp. 286-307
Grattet et al. (Wed,) studied this question.