Son et al. (2025) recently found that after correcting for the progenitor age bias, the high-redshift Type Ia supernova data significantly deviate from the prediction of the ΛCDM model through a reanalysis of Type Ia supernova data. When combined with BAO and CMB data, the tension with the ΛCDM model exceeds 9σ, leading to the conclusion that the Universe may be in a "non-accelerating" state and the dark energy equation of state evolves with time. Based on the helical photon energy dissipation model established in previous work, this paper provides an alternative explanation for the above observational characteristics from the microscopic mechanism of photon energy dissipation. It is shown that the exponential redshift–distance relation naturally predicted by the helical photon model () naturally produces nonlinear deviations at high redshifts, fully consistent with the trend observed by Son et al. Without introducing the dark energy hypothesis, this model can self-consistently explain the observational features of a "non-accelerating Universe" solely from the microscopic physics of photons, providing a more parsimonious theoretical framework for understanding cosmological redshift.
Xiaobin CHEN (Sat,) studied this question.
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